Difficulties and Solutions in Learning Qowaid Nahwu for Beginners: A Case Study at LPBA Nurul Jadid

Abstract

Learning qowaid nahwu (Arabic grammar) at the beginner level presents considerable challenges because learners are required to understand abstract grammatical concepts and apply complex linguistic rules in various contexts. This study aims to identify the difficulties experienced by beginner students in learning qowaid nahwu at LPBA Nurul Jadid, analyze the factors contributing to these difficulties, and examine the pedagogical strategies used to overcome them. The study employed a post-positivist paradigm with a qualitative case study approach. Data were collected through classroom observations, semi-structured interviews, diagnostic tests, and document analysis. The data were analyzed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña, including data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that learners encounter several major difficulties, including cognitive overload caused by the complexity of i‘rab rules, challenges in distinguishing between jumlah ismiyyah and jumlah fi‘liyyah, limited ability to apply grammatical rules in practical situations, and frequent errors in determining word-final inflections. These difficulties are influenced by the predominance of memorization-based instruction, limited use of visual learning media, and insufficient scaffolded practice. To address these challenges, instructors implemented pedagogical interventions such as i‘rab charts, structured drills, gradual scaffolding, and contextualized learning activities integrated into daily Arabic communication. These strategies were found to enhance students’ grammatical understanding and improve their ability to apply nahwu rules effectively.