Negotiation of Meaning and Form Processes in Student-Teacher Communication

Christina Eli Indriyani, Tia Xenia, Paulina Chandrasari Kusuma

Abstract


The process of negotiating meaning and form can contribute to successful communication and become an attempt of the interlocutors to overcome comprehension difficulties when the communication is interrupted. The present research explores the interactional nature of teacher-student communication during English classrooms. Analyzing the process of negotiation relatively serves as a major basis in this study; however, the extended process needs to be seen as the negotiation reaches mutual understanding. This study, therefore, aims to identify whether the negotiation of meaning and form reach the resolution and mutual interchangeability, and investigate the structures. The data were 20 teaching practicum videos of 10 student-teachers. Mixed method research was employed in this study. The quantitative and qualitative analysis were used to find out the number of negotiations that reached resolution and the structure of negotiation process respectively. The results showed 70% of interactional work between teacher and students in the negotiation processes, for both meaning and form, achieves mutual interchangeability with variety of negotiation route. Variations of its structure are made as strategies of successful communication for teacher candidates to acquire. Eventually, this study provides theoretical and practical benefits for the student-teachers, the lecturers, and the English Education Department.


Keywords


EFL classroom; EFL student-teacher; Negotiation of meaning; Negotiation of form

Full Text:

PDF

References


Al-Marooqi, R. & Tuzlukova, V. (2011). Negotiation meaning in the EFL context. Pertanika J. Soc. Sci. & Hum. 19 (1), 183-196.

Brown. (2001). Teaching by principles: An analysis approach to language pedagogy (2nd ed.). Addison Wesley Longman, Inc.

Canals, L. (2021). Multimodality and translanguaging in negotiation of meaning. Foreign Language Annals, 54, 647-670. doi: 10.1111/flan.12547.

Chaudron, C. (1998). Second language classroom – Research on teaching and learning. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Creswell, J. W. (2003). Research design: qualitative, quantitative, and method approached. California: Sage Publication, Inc.

Cook, J. (2015). Negotiation for meaning and feedback among language learners. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 250-257. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/jltr.0602.02.

Doughty, C. (2000a, October). Negotiating the L2 linguistic environment. University of Hawaii Working Papers in ESL, 18, 47–83.

Ellis, R. (2003). Task-based language learning and teaching. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Fitriani, N. (2019). Communication Breakdown among Indonesian EFL Learners: Barriers and Strategies. International Journal of English Language & Translation Studies, 7(1), 35-41.

Hahn, H. (2011). Acquisition through meaning negotiation, non-negotiated input and non-negotiated output in the Web-chat context. Proceeding of the 16th Conference of Pan-Pacific Association of Applied Linguistics, 290-291.

Hartono, R. (2017). A critical review of research on negotiation of meaning in second language learning. Global Expert Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra Vol. 6, No.1, Juli 2017.

Hwang, J. (2010). Negotiation about form across L2 proficiency levels and its role in second language learning. English Teaching, 65(2), 47-73. http://journal.kate.or.kr/wp- content/uploads/2015/01/kate_65_2_3.pdf

Krashen, S. (1985). The input hypothesis: Issues and Implications. London: Longman.

Lengluan, N. (2008). An analysis of conversational exchanges between grade 12 Thai students and native English speakers via a chat program: Strategies of negotiation for meanings. Bangkok: Graduate School, Srinakharinwirot University.

Long, M.H. (1991). Focus on form: a design feature in language teaching methodology. In K.de Bot, R. Ginsberg, & C. Kramsch (Eds.), Foreign language research in cross cultural perspective, 39-52. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

Long, M. H. (1996). The role of the linguistic environment in second language acquisition’ in W. C. Ritchie, and T. K. Bhatia (eds): Handbook of research on Language Acquisition: Second language acquisition.Vol. 2. New York: Academic Press, 413–68.

Lyster, R. (2002). Negotiation in immersion teacher-student interaction. International Journal of Educational Research 37. 237–253.

Lyster, R. & L. Ranta. (1997). Corrective feedback and learner uptake: Negotiation of form in communicative classrooms. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 19. 37–66.

Mackey, A., S. Gass, and K. McDonough. (2000). Do learners recognize implicit negative feed- back as feedback? Studies in Second Language Acquisition 22, 471–97.

Masrizal, M. (2014). The Role of negotiation of meaning in L2 interactions:An analysis from the perspective of Long’s interaction hypothesis. Studies in English Language and Education, 1(2), 96–105. doi: 10.24815/siele.v1i2.1829.

Mcleod, S. (2024, January 2). Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory of cognitive development. Simply Psychology. Retrieved on August 1, 2024, from https://www.simplypsychology.org/vygotsky.html

Pica, T. (1992). ‘The textual outcomes of native speaker—nonnative speaker negotiation: what do they reveal about second language learning’ in C. Kramsch, and S. McConnell-Ginet (eds): Text and Context: Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives in Language Study. Lexington, MA: D. C. Heath and Company.

Shim, Y. (2003). The nature of negotiation of meaning between teacher and student in the second language classroom (Doctoral dissertation, The University of Texas at Austin). Retrieved from https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/items/a624d057-54ee-4d0b-b1dd-194e6f556434/full.

Shim, Y. S. (2005). To negotiate or not to negotiate meaning: how do ESL teachers and students decide?. English Teaching, Vol. 60, No. 1, pp.183-206. Retrieved on May 27, 2022, from http://kate.bada.cc/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/kate_60_1_9.pdf.

Shim, Y. S. (2007). Negotiation of meaning between an L2 teacher and students in face-to-face interactions and CMC. English Teaching, Vol. 62, No. 3, pp.265-288. Retrieved on May 27, 2022, from http://journal.kate.or.kr/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/kate_62_3_12.pdf.

Varonis, E. M., & S. M. Gass. (1985). Non-native/non-native conversations: A model for negotiation of meaning. Applied Linguistics, 6, 71-90.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.31004/jele.v10i4.1174

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2025 Christina Eli Indriyani, Tia Xenia, Paulina Chandrasari Kusuma

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.